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	<title>Citizen Economists &#187; bankers</title>
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	<description>Citizen Economists is an online economics magazine written by citizen journalists. These ordinary citizens provide reports and commentary on the current events affecting the economics of the fields they work in.</description>
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		<title>Professor Keen Compares Bankers To Drug Pushers</title>
		<link>http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2010/10/12/professor-keen-compares-bankers-to-drug-pushers/</link>
		<comments>http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2010/10/12/professor-keen-compares-bankers-to-drug-pushers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Oct 2010 18:41:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bron Suchecki</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Financial Markets]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bankers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[borrowers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lenders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reserve banking]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/?p=5188</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Professor Keen presents a dramatic analogy in his recent article on his speech at the American Monetary Institute’s 2010 conference: “banks are effectively debt pushers, and trying to control bank lending at the source is like trying to control the spread of illegal drugs by directly controlling the drug pushers. While ever there are <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2010/10/12/professor-keen-compares-bankers-to-drug-pushers/">Professor Keen Compares Bankers To Drug Pushers</a></span>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>Professor Keen presents a dramatic analogy in his <a href="http://www.debtdeflation.com/blogs/2010/10/04/jubilee-shares-and-the-american-monetary-act/">recent article</a> on his speech at the American Monetary Institute’s 2010 conference: “banks are effectively debt pushers, and trying to control bank lending at the source is like trying to control the spread of illegal drugs by directly controlling the drug pushers. While ever there are drug users who want the drugs, then there will be a profit to be made by selling drugs, and drug pushers will always find ways around direct controls.”</p>
<p>The comments were a response to the American Monetary Institute’s campaign to establish a 100% reserve banking system. While Professor Keen is ambivalent about the proposal, he feels that the issue “is not how money is created, but how it is used. If it’s used to finance productive investment, then generally speaking all will be well; but if it’s used to finance speculation on asset prices, then it will lead to financial crises”.</p>
<p>He therefore feels reforms need to be focused on modifying borrower behavior rather than trying to regulate lenders. His article is worth a read for his proposed reforms and the civil and mostly intelligent debate of them that follows in the comments section.</p></div>
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		<title>How Much Purging is Required at the Top of Big American Banks?</title>
		<link>http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2009/05/11/how-much-purging-is-required-at-the-top-of-big-american-banks/</link>
		<comments>http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2009/05/11/how-much-purging-is-required-at-the-top-of-big-american-banks/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2009 19:15:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Ajay Shah</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S. Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bankers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CEOs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[financial crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[punishment]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/?p=1161</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>As we come to the beginning of the end of the financial crisis, the calls for the blood of bankers have abated. There is universal agreement that the system overall was flawed, and it is unfair to burden a particular group with the full responsibility of our current sorry state.</p> <p>The time has come <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2009/05/11/how-much-purging-is-required-at-the-top-of-big-american-banks/">How Much Purging is Required at the Top of Big American Banks?</a></span>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As we come to the beginning of the end of the financial crisis, the calls for the blood of bankers have abated. There is universal agreement that the system overall was flawed, and it is unfair to burden a particular group with the full responsibility of our current sorry state.</p>
<p>The time has come to dispassionately step back and ask the tough question.  It may or not be unfair, but is it incorrect?</p>
<p>Consider first the arguments for those who claim that the Bankers have suffered enough.</p>
<p>There was a sense of outrage that that the Bankers had not paid for their sins. This is simply not true. As a percentage of their wealth, Bankers have lost more than everyone else combined. Fully 40% of Lehman stock was held by its employees. When that stock was worth $85, the company was worth around the same, in billions of dollars. Every person in Wall Street has the right to claim that they could not foresee the collapse. The original argument was that it took mala fide intent, or stupidity to not have seen the risk. It turns out that stupidity was the right answer, since every idiot on Wall Street was in fact heavily invested in &#8211; you guessed it, Wall Street.</p>
<p>Which brings us nicely to point 2. The idiots could not be held responsible, since there was not deliberate fraud. There is today only a perplexing cloud of sub moronic decisions. How, is everyone asking, could we not have foreseen this ? Naturally, we forgive ourselves, and having done that, find it easy to extend the forgiveness to Wall Street. They could hardly be held responsible for the wrong decisions. After all, we made them too!</p>
<p>Finally, we all would like to look at who else we could hold responsible.  There is a popular cry that Rating agencies should have done more, or that the entire process of Ratings is intrinsically flawed. Regulatory agencies are also very popular invitees to the whip-them-all parties. Finally, what about the consumer, the buyer of gas guzzling Hummers, the takers of sub-prime loans to purchase houses three sizes too big? Surely, some of the pie, humble or otherwise, belongs to him as well.</p>
<p>These arguments are not unjust, but unfortunately they miss the point. This is not a bad thing &#8211; it shows our intrinsic humanity. It takes a special kind of cruelty to turn away from justice for the past and coldly consider what is best for our future. But it must be done. &#8220;The greatest good of the largest number&#8221; is a disgusting motto, but we it does help in analysing the issues.</p>
<p>I will get to the inconvenient truths, but first let me speculate about why the Bankers lost so much money.</p>
<blockquote><p><em> &lt;nasty on&gt;The reason that the Bankers lost so much of their personal money was that they were all overpaid, and behaved exactly like people do when they come into money that they know they haven&#8217;t earned. They throw it into the riskiest earnings streams that they can find. That comforts them, because if they lose the money, well then, they did not do such a bad thing after all, since they didn&#8217;t take the money home with them. And if they win, well then, this time the money was made by them, so that feels good as well! &lt;nasty off&gt; </em></p></blockquote>
<p>Well, that was nasty, but my personal belief in this comes from the incidence of Wall Street Bankers in Las Vegas during the boom years. It really doesn&#8217;t take too much intelligence to know that you are playing against the house, so why do such highly educated and well paid people &#8211; which probably means that they are intelligent &#8211; keep playing these games?</p>
<p>To come to somewhat more factual matters, the arguments for letting Ken Lewis and all the other CEOs &#8220;pursue other interests&#8221; are as follows.</p>
<p>The current incumbents cannot effect the change we need. It is sad but true that it is only after Obama won the presidency has it become acceptable to admit that it was a mistake to give Bush carte-blanche in Iraq. Only Senator Edwards had the courage to admit that he made a mistake, and in retrospect, it may be because it was one of his smaller ones <img src='http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' />  The current lot will go right back to making original sin #1, forcing really intelligent people to think like idiots because of misguided compensation structures.</p>
<p>Which bring us to point #2. While it is probably correct to absolve the CEOs of fraud, it would be incorrect to absolve them of stupidity. One has to assume that they have blundered, and it would not be right to not hold them accountable for their blunders. In this case, by kicking them out.</p>
<p>The last and final point is simply a rebuttal of the desire to make major changes to the infrastructure, or to the nature of human beings at large. It may or not be feasible to make major changes to the infrastructure and social polity within which Wall Street operates. It is simply not the better answer. We don&#8217;t need change around Wall Street, we need it in Wall Street.  The best way to effect that change is change the players, not the environment within which Wall Street operates.</p>
<p>The last point is the coldest of them all, because it makes no bones about asking Ken Lewis to lose his job so that we can get on with our lives without having to wait 10 years for a new world order to come into place.  But it is also the most important. It is simply the most practical decision to get a new broom to sweep clean.</p>
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		<title>Why a Culture of Speculation Has Led to the Economic Crisis</title>
		<link>http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2008/09/15/why-a-culture-of-speculation-has-led-to-the-economic-crisis/</link>
		<comments>http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2008/09/15/why-a-culture-of-speculation-has-led-to-the-economic-crisis/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Sep 2008 04:27:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Lee Jamieson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bankers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[politicians]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[speculators]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://citizeneconomists.com/blogs/?p=814</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[<p>As the global economy stalls, the media is working hard to identify those responsible for the economic chaos, but is there really a distinct group of people to blame? The issues and events driving the current economic slowdown are complex, and it is therefore impossible to identify a single cause – but oil speculators <span style="color:#777"> . . . &#8594; Read More: <a href="http://www.citizeneconomists.com/blogs/2008/09/15/why-a-culture-of-speculation-has-led-to-the-economic-crisis/">Why a Culture of Speculation Has Led to the Economic Crisis</a></span>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As the global economy stalls, the media is working hard to identify those responsible for the economic chaos, but is there really a distinct group of people to blame? The issues and events driving the current economic slowdown are complex, and it is therefore impossible to identify a single cause – but oil speculators are currently taking much of the flack.</p>
<p><strong>Speculative Investors</strong></p>
<p>Certainly, oil companies and investors have reaped spectacular returns during the crisis, but can their influence really have global reach?</p>
<p>Speculators have become the bogeymen of the current crisis, but they are less monstrous than the media would have us believe. In essence, a speculator is just a short-term investor that takes a high-risk position against a fast moving stock in either direction – a speculator can make money by correctly predicting if a stock will increase or decrease in value. Like any other type of investor, they are simply taking a risk by speculating about the future of a stock.</p>
<p>Oil speculators have become high profile targets for two reasons. Firstly, the outstanding market performance of oil has attracted large numbers of speculators to the commodity, and secondly, the price of oil has famously only moved in one direction, making it an easy commodity to predict and keeping most speculative investors in the game. Certainly, their positions will have some market influence, but they cannot be held responsible for taking oil from $26 to $140 per barrel. After all, they are following market trends, not dictating them.</p>
<p><strong>A Culture of Speculation</strong></p>
<p>Speculators exist simply because our current economic system allows them to operate. It is not speculative investors themselves that are causing damage to the global economy but rather the whole concept of speculation, which has found a home in the free market.</p>
<p>Speculation has become more than an investment approach; it’s become a sensibility that runs deep into the roots of our financial and economic system and is particularly prevalent in the global banking system.</p>
<p>So, can we blame central bankers for the crisis? Certainly, they must share a proportion of blame because they knew what they were doing. Unless the global banking institutions were grossly negligent, they must have been fully aware of the extent of their subprime exposure and the associated risks.</p>
<p>However, hindsight has demonstrated that the imprudent risk management procedures in the global banking industry as a whole have been short-sighted. The financial services have worked to maximize profits during the boom years at the cost of massive losses in today’s downturn.</p>
<p>The irresponsibility of these institutions was highlighted in April when the Institute of International Finance (representing more than 375 of the world&#8217;s largest financial companies) accepted blame for the crisis, acknowledging “major points of weaknesses in business practices.”</p>
<p><strong>Failed Gods</strong></p>
<p>In their book, The Gods That Failed, Larry Elliott and Dan Atkinson argue that our current financial and economic model is headed by a new “Olympian” class of politicians and central bankers. These elites have instilled greed, excess and speculation into the very heart of our current system to facilitate their own financial gain.</p>
<p>In their defense, global financial institutions remind their critics that they have delivered an unprecedented period of economic growth. “If you look back historically, this period of growth is not unprecedented,” explained Larry Elliott in an interview for the Guardian. “We’ve had longer periods of higher growth in previous decades when the spoils of that growth were spread far more evenly than they have been over the recent few years.</p>
<p>“And in fact, the cost of the growth we’ve seen has been building up in the background. Essentially, these economies have only been able to keep going through the creation of bubbles; when one bubble bursts, policy makers have engineered another. So I don’t think that the way in which the economy’s been run over the last 15 years has been sustainable.”</p>
<p>In our enthusiasm for prosperity, it seems that we have forgotten a basic law of economics: that bust will always follow boom. Certainly, there is little that politicians, central bankers or investors could have done to avert the business cycle altogether, but if the financial services were in better shape and more tightly regulated, then we could have experienced a softer landing.</p>
<p>Somewhere along the way we have lost contact with the realities of our global economy. A culture of speculation has opened a chasm between the financial markets and the underlying economy – and we are now witnessing the resulting fallout.</p>
<p>All that remains is lessons for the future.</p>
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