Martin Armstrong on metals manipulation

Below are some relevant extracts from Martin Armstrong’s The Analytical Shill. The article is generally about how research and analysts are conflicted and how analysts and investors and gurus can be blinded by their biases. The paragraphs below are straight from the article and will jump around a bit because I’ve just pasted them in order they appeared without all the extraneous stuff.

Martin Armstrong:

The metals were one favorite sector where they were constantly bullish – never bearish for 19 years. But hey, the market manipulators always needed cheer-leaders to get people to buy every high so they could sell.

On the Buffett Silver Manipulation, it was PhiBro who had a shill call the Wall Street Journal and tell them I was trying to manipulate silver down because I was short. When the WSJ & I argued and they refused to print the name Buffett they demanded I give them, that forced the CFTC to act calling me to ask where was it taking place. I told them London and they called the Bank of England. When they in turn ordered all silver brokers to show up the next morning, Buffett was forced to come out and admit he bought $1 billion worth of silver but denied he was manipulating the price.

You can ask the guys at GATA. They were well aware of the first 1993 Manipulation by PhiBro (Philips Brothers). They got in bed with Buffett when he stepped in to run Salomon Brothers after they got caught MANIPULATING the US Government bond auctions. They began buying silver and the CFTC stepped in demanding to know who their client was. Now if it had been anyone else, PhiBro’s reply was they refused to tell the name of the client. Forget the law. That does not apply to New York firms. The CFTC responded saying if they could not know who their client was, then PhilBro had to exist the trade. They did and of course made a fortune for the hawkers had all the little guys buy silver just in time for PhilBro to sell it to them.

This is WHY the manipulations began to move to London. Not only did PhiBro try to get me on board, their broker walked across the floor and SHOWED my broker Buffett’s orders at the low!

To create the fundamental, they moved inventory from New York to London. They were manipulating silver as always. Playing games with the inventories. They were moving silver from New York to London where the Buffett orders were being executed. This made the US warehouse inventories drop sharply. Go look at the analysts who talked silver up on that very fundamental. If they said there was a shortage of silver and you better buy it is going to $100, then you may be dealing with a shill or a biased analyst.

Many of the metals analysts with an agenda back then hated my guts. How dare I say there was a manipulation when it was at last silver was going up instead of down. Now I was part of some covert conspiracy hell bent on suppressing the metals because I dared to say “they are back” (manipulators) and the target was $7 by January 1998. To this crowd, a manipulation is always to the downside and never up.

Go check the recommendations of analysts back then. See where they stood. The best one I heard was silver was in demand in London because it was .9999 there instead of .999 in New York.

GATA began to see the same nonsense that I did during the early 1990s. It was just that I saw the manipulations as being UNBIASED. In other words, they did not care what they manipulated as long as there was a guaranteed profit. They manipulated even base metals such as rhodium. They manipulated platinum in league with Russian politicians who strangely recalled all platinum to take an inventory. Hell, Ford Motor Company filed suit over that manipulation.

How do you distinguish a REAL bull market from a bullshit manipulation?

Most manipulations can be seen easily when you look at a market in terms of a Basket of Currencies. Why? Because a REAL bull market must take place ONLY when it rises in terms of ALL currencies. Unless that takes place, investors in some countries will be sellers while others are buyers. Here is a classic example as to why we were bearish on gold for 19 years despite the hate mail and the best attacks of the shills. The manipulators ALWAYS need to get the metals guys worked up into a fever to sell to them to make their profits and big bonuses.

So when analysts only espouse one side, be very careful. For no matter what the market, there is always a time to rally and a time to pause. Nothing is ever straight up or straight down. Anyone who portrays that is either ignorant of the market behavior, or a shill – paid cheer-leader. Putting out bogus research has been the name of the game. Unfortunately, there are just some people who are hardcore.

Markets are the same mix as politics. There are people who simply believe in a given position and no matter what you say or what evidence you present to the contrary, they will never believe it. Thus, I have NEVER been interested in preaching to the choir. I have always preferred the independent thinker – the investor who wants to really learn about market behavior and not read someone who simply supports their never changing view of the world. Nor am I interested in exchange words with those who may not be shills, but are just part of a particular hardcore group. I am cheered only when I agree, and if I disagree, I am despised. But that is expected in the retail world – NEVER in the professional institutional world.

There cannot be a perpetual bull market in anything anymore than you can stand there with your arm straight up in the air. Oh shore, you can do it briefly. But then your arm will feel so heavy you can no longer keep it up. Everything takes a pause for the same reason you sleep at night. Nothing can maintain the same energy output all the time. People come up with all sorts of excuses why they are right yet the market declines. Usually it is some conspiracy of a mythical group so powerful that they just win.

Markets collapse because EVERYONE who ever thought of buying has bought. They are now counting their profits for the next eternity. Something happens and scares the herd. Suddenly, the long try to sell but there is no bid. The market collapses in the blink of an eye. Why, because the majority has already bought and there are no new buyers to keep the momentum going. It is never some mythical short player preventing the upward advance. It is just not time yet.

Philip Tetlock, a professor of organizational behavior at the Haas Business School at the University of California-Berkeley, has been following the so called experts for some 25 years studying primarily the institutional forecasting skill of political experts. He had signed up nearly 300 academics, economists, policymakers and journalists keeping track of more than 82,000 forecasts plotting them against real-world results. He analyzed not just what the experts said but how they reasoned and how quickly they changed their mind in the face of contrary evidence. He also tracked how they reacted when they were wrong, which was of course the majority of the time. Most could not even beat a random forecast generator.

Tetlock’s research did discover that there was one kind of expert turns out consistently more accurate forecasts than others. The most important factor he discovered was not how much education or experience the experts had but how they actually thought. The best forecasters were those who were self-critical, eclectic thinkers who were constantly updating their beliefs when faced with contrary evidence instead of clinging to dogma. He found the best were suspicious of grand schemes and conspiracies and were more practical about their predictive ability. The less successful forecasters clung to the same ideas never wavering pushing the same idea to the breaking point of absurdity. These types of people were more often embraced by the media because they loved to articulate and persuade as to why their idea explained absolutely everything.

Tetlock uncovered widespread forecasting failures. Of course, there is the herd of followers who for some reason want a GURU and unrealistically expect infallibility. This may reinforce the pundits that like to put on a show and claim why they are personally better than everyone else and only their ideas are correct and when wrong, it is the result of some giant conspiracy, not their lack of ability to forecast.

The key to the future lies in the UNBIASED view of whatever it is. You cannot be married to a single position EVER! Tetlock points out that a successful analyst always qualifies their arguments with “however” and “perhaps,” while the dangerous analysts build up momentum with “moreover” and “all the more so” as they try to be more entertaining. The dangerous analyst wants to keep the clients happy and to a large extent preaches to the choir telling them what they want to hear.

The one thing about markets is that the MAJORITY just have to be wrong! Why? They are the fuel that drives the market up and down. Trap the majority either long or short and you create the fuel for the next move in the opposite direction.

So for now, it is far better to let the markets speak. As I stated at just about every conference I have ever given, there is ONLY one analyst that is never wrong – that is the market itself. The key to successful trading & forecasting is to learn how to let the market speak to you and go with the flow. It does so in both TIME as well as PRICE. Turning points are NEVER specific events, but inflection points where highs and lows take place. It would have been nice to have a low first and a more orderly advance afterwards. But markets like to create the worst of all worlds.

So for anyone who thinks he can beat the game as an analyst or trader, must remember one thing. The market is always right. To survive, we have to align ourselves with the market and listen when it speaks. This is not a game for arrogance and prognostications fixed in stone steeped in bias and dogma. History repeats – but also with a slight twist. So how high will gold go? It is a question of CONFIDENCE.

You will ALWAYS be your greatest adversary, for to succeed you must conquer your own biases, fears, and doubts. You cannot do that as Philip Tetlock has keenly demonstrated with fixed ideas. If you are married to a philosophy and will not yield and blame everyone else for conspiring against you and that is the reason something has not yet unfolded, you better see a shrink.

What's Next for Potash Producers: Jaret Anderson

Jaret Anderson Major potash stocks are beginning to raise eyebrows with impressive profit margins. But as this developing market expands, industry giants will face competition from greenfield and brownfield projects in the works. In this exclusive interview with The Energy Report, Mackie Research Capital Analyst Jaret Anderson debriefs us on some fascinating development stories that are poised to change where and how the most successful potash producers operate.

The Energy Report: You last spoke with The Energy Report in June 2011. What has transpired in the fertilizer and potash business since then, both in Canada and in Brazil’s emerging market?

Jaret Anderson: The tail end of 2011 saw a period of weak demand for Canadian potash. Fourth-quarter shipments at Potash Corp. (POT:TSX; POT:NYSE) dropped by about one-third year over year (YOY). General concern over the economy gave dealers an incentive to avoid stocking up their warehouses, resulting in soft shipments, higher unit operating costs and quarterly earnings below expectations. However, Potash Corp. posted a 68% gross margin in its potash segment during the quarter, making it one of the most profitable publicly-traded businesses of this scale.

Meanwhile, Brazil overtook India as the top global importer of potash in 2011, with imports of about 7.5 million tons (Mt) KCl. This figure was up 21% YOY, drawing even more attention to the country’s chronic domestic potash deficit.

TER: What should fertilizer producers expect in the next few years?

JA: We’re going to see bullish prospects for fertilizer producers over the next 12–18 months. Demand for fertilizer products is likely to remain soft in Q112, but as the spring planting season in the northern hemisphere kicks into gear in Q212, we expect markets to tighten.

TER: You put out a report last December showing a fairly large global number of both new and expansion projects in the works. How will these projects affect the supply and demand equation over the next five years?

JA: We actively track 19 different brownfield expansion projects and 26 different greenfield projects around the world, totaling ~67 Mt of planned capacity. If all of those projects were built on the timelines put forward by their respective owners, we would see a massive glut of capacity in the back half of this decade. The reality, though, is that only the best of these projects are going to be built, and those are likely to experience significant delays compared to their projected timelines. Potash demand in 2011 was about 55 Mt. If we assume demand growth of 3%/year for the remainder of the decade, that implies we’ll need an incremental 17 Mt of supply by 2020 in order to maintain operating rates at 2011 levels. That is pretty close to the 20 Mt of brownfield projects currently on the drawing board. Any demand growth beyond this 3% level or further delays of brownfield projects would tighten markets further.

TER: You don’t expect an oversupply or downward price pressure?

JA: In any commodity, things don’t go up forever. At some point, the supply-demand balance is going to shift in favor of the buyers. The next several years however, look very positive for potash producers.

TER: Saskatchewan is the potash capital of North America, and although it’s a major supplier to other parts of the world, the North American market is relatively mature. What North American potash companies are still attractive buys at this time?

JA: In my view, the most attractive greenfield potash project in Saskatchewan is Milestone, which is being developed by a company called Western Potash Corp. (WPX:TSX.V). The company has a very large in situ resource of about 3.5 billion tons (Bt) KCl and has the highest grade of any existing solution-potash mine in Saskatchewan. Milestone looks very similar to the former Legacy project of Potash One Inc., which was purchased by K+S Potash Canada (SDFG:FKFT) in November 2010 for $434 million (M). At a market cap of $200M today, we believe Western Potash represents the lowest-risk greenfield potash company in the world, with a very attractive valuation.

TER: Another Saskatchewan company you’ve discussed in the past is Karnalyte Resources Inc. (KRN:TSX). It is developing a relatively low-cost, solution-mining project. What are your thoughts on the company’s risk-reward ratio?

JA: Karnalyte is focused on a different type of project that will seek to extract carnallite mineralization at its Wynyard property. While its carnallite mineralization is only about half the grade of a project like Milestone, Karnalyte’s engineers have designed a plant that can be built in stages, which offers some advantages in terms of capital expenditures. Karnalyte’s shares suffered a significant decline in December after the company pulled a $115M financing. We upgraded the shares from “Hold” to “Buy” during December and believe that below $10/share, the company represents good value. However, it may be difficult to see performance for Karnalyte until it successfully raises capital to begin construction at its Wynyard project in the spring.

TER: Are its prospects reasonable for the company as long as the market holds up?

JA: Its shares now represent good value. That said, I believe Western has a more attractive valuation and project than Karnalyte. But there is a difference between a good project and a good stock. Because Karnalyte has taken a large hit of late, it has some decent upside, especially below $10/share.

TER: You recently visited Brazil to get a little better picture of the country’s fertilizer business. That’s a very large, growing market. Tell us what you learned.

JA: Each time I visit Brazil, I come away with more anecdotes that convince me of the need to find ways to invest in Brazil’s agricultural future. Brazil has over 400 million hectares of arable land, but uses less than 15% of it today for agricultural purposes. It is the largest global exporter of beef, poultry, sugar, coffee and orange juice, and that production should grow for many decades. The problem is that its Cerrado region is generally nutrient-poor and requires significant quantities of fertilizer. Brazil has only one operating potash mine and imports more than 90% of the potash it consumes. In 2011, Brazil was the world’s largest importer of potash, at about 7.5 Mt. The Brazilian government has set a goal of becoming fertilizer independent by the end of this decade and we believe investors should be looking for ways to gain exposure to Brazilian agriculture and fertilizer markets.

To that end, two companies we’ve focused on are Verde Potash (NPK:TSX.V) and Rio Verde Minerals Development Corp. (RVD:TSX). Verde Potash controls the Cerrado Verde project in Minas Gerais state, which contains a large, at-surface deposit of potash-rich verdete slate. The company has developed and patented a process to convert verdete slate into KCl, the same standardized product that’s produced in Saskatchewan and Russia today. This is known as the Cambridge process. It’s very exciting, as it could allow for large-scale potash production in Brazil from an open-pit operation—something that hasn’t been done anywhere in the world.

Verde Potash recently published a Preliminary Economic Analysis that indicated an operating cost of US$274/t during the early years of production, ramping up to $291/t over the 30 year life of mine as the stripping ratio increases. That would give Verde Potash the lowest delivered cash costs to Brazil of any large-scale competitor globally. The potash producers in Canada and Russia have lower operating costs, but face very large transportation costs to deliver product to farmers in Brazil. Capital costs for Verde Potash’s project are estimated at US$800/t, which is about 25% below a typical greenfield solution mining project in Saskatchewan. Based on these attractive economics, we recently increased our 12-month target to $19.00/share. With the stock trading at about $7.00/share today, this is a very interesting story.

Another name we believe offers good exposure to Brazil is Rio Verde Minerals, which controls a land package near Aracaju in Northern Brazil. It is located adjacent to Taquari-Vassouras, the only operating potash mine in Brazil. Rio Verde is still at an early stage of development, having completed drilling on its first drill hole in November. We visited the site a couple of months ago and inspected the core. We await assay results from that hole. Rio Verde plans to drill three holes at its Sergipe potash property and to publish an NI 43-101 resource during Q212. Given the strong outlook for good potash grades on the property and the company’s ideal location in Brazil, with nearby access to a port, roads, power and natural gas, Rio Verde looks to us to offer excellent risk-reward at current levels. Based on our target of $1.30/share, Rio Verde offers more upside to our target than any other company in our coverage universe.

TER: Can you elaborate on the Cambridge process you mentioned?

JA: In December 2010, Verde announced that it had patented a process to convert its verdete slate into KCl. This process was developed by Dr. Derek Fray at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom. This process was tested and optimized by Hazen Research in Denver, CO, and by FLSmidth in Allentown, PA, and SRK Consulting, which resulted in the publication of a Preliminary Economic Assesment in late January. We visited FLSmidth’s facilities in Pennsylvania last week and observed the process in operation. The process is relatively simple and bears many similarities to the cement production process. It employs a rotary kiln, like cement, but uses different inputs, namely Verde Potash’s verdete slate rock, limestone and salt. The Verde Potash KCL production process takes place at lower temperatures than that of cement, about 900C vs. cement at about 1,450C.

TER: Do you expect the Cambridge process to work on a commercial scale?

JA: It’s moved from a bench scale at a university to a pilot plant. To move to a commercial scale is another jump. Staff at FLSmidth and SRK have indicated to us that they typically see fewer problems with commercial scale facilities than they do with pilot plants. Every indication we have points to the commercial scale kiln as being well within the technical ability and experience of the teams at FLSmidth and SRK.

TER: There’s also been some development on the African continent, and a couple of Canadian juniors are working on projects there that are projected to go online in about five years. How are they progressing?

JA: Allana Potash Corp. (AAA:TSX; ALLRF:OTCQX) and Ethiopian Potash Corp (FED:TSX.V; FED.WT:TSX.V) are both working to develop greenfield potash projects in the Danakil depression in Northern Ethiopia. Allana is the much better capitalized of the two companies. It has published a large NI 43-101 resource based on its successful drill program over the last couple of years. The projects in Ethiopia are interesting in that the high year-round temperatures in the Danakil may allow for solar evaporation, thereby materially lowering energy costs in the solution-mining process. Ethiopia is also located relatively close to China and India, two important potash consumers.

Ethiopian projects face a major challenge, however, in that the logistics of moving thousands of tons of potash per day from the project site to the port at Djibouti some 600 kilometers (km) away over roads of varying quality may be a significant hurdle. We believe the transportation costs will end up being materially higher than current estimates.

Both Allana and Ethiopian Potash have seen their share prices languish over recent months and are both near 52-week lows. We believe both stocks have room to move up as the projects are derisked and as Allana moves toward a feasibility study in August of this year. While Ethiopian Potash has more leverage to positive developments given its smaller enterprise value, it is a much riskier investment given its very low cash levels. Allana, on the other hand, has more than $65M in cash on its balance sheet, providing it with a lot of time and resources to derisk its project and make it more attractive to potential suitors.

TER: Will Allana rely on a rail link to be built in order to get its product to market?

JA: There are plans in Ethiopia to build a rail network in the country, and that rail network is planned to approach Allana’s project site. We’ve met with the minister of transportation in Ethiopia on this topic. That project is probably a number of years away from completion, and for at least the first several years of production, Allana is going to need to find a way to transport its product by road via truck. You can’t assume the rail network is going to be ready in the next few years, in our view.

TER: What effect will trucking the material have on the project economics?

JA: Trucking will be much less economic than a rail network. Allana has published its own cost estimates for transporting the product from its project site to the port at Djibouti. We find its estimate of $12/t to be very low. We see a number closer to $50/t, based on the figures we’ve seen at other operations in existence today, such as those in Saskatchewan.

TER: Do you have any other interesting stories that our readers might find useful?

JA: The potash industry today is generating very high cash flow and strong returns on capital for incumbent producers. Potash Corp. generated a gross margin in its potash business last year of 68%. Apple Computer, by comparison, posted a gross margin of 41% in its fiscal 2011. The levels of free cash flow generated by this business and the strong secular trends in agriculture are going to attract capital and will ultimately lead to new greenfield production. With so many companies chasing so few quality projects though, we would caution investors to think carefully about the merits of each individual project. The size and grade of the deposit, the infrastructure in place, the proximity to major potash-consuming countries and the geopolitical risk are all critical drivers of value.

TER: Do you see any further consolidation in this business at this point? Or is it still too early?

JA: We’ve had a lot of consolidation in this business. The successful business strategy that greenfield potash companies have employed in the past has been to identify a good project; then derisk it by defining the resource through engineering and feasibility studies to make it more attractive to well-capitalized companies. A number of greenfield potash companies have had success with that strategy by ultimately selling to large mining companies like BHP Billiton Ltd. (BHP:NYSE; BHPLF:OTCPK), Vale S.A. (VALE:NYSE) and Rio Tinto (RIO:NYSE; RIO:ASX). I think this process makes sense and is going to continue.

TER: What are your top picks at this point?

JA: Our top picks in the sector for 2012 are Verde Potash and Rio Verde Minerals. Both companies offer good leverage to the Brazilian fertilizer market and have the potential to generate meaningful returns to equity investors. By their nature, development-stage resource companies involve much more risk than an operating company. We believe, though, that 2012 is likely to see very strong results for the greenfield companies with the best-quality assets, in the right locations, with attractive valuations. In our view, Verde Potash and Rio Verde check all of those boxes.

TER: Thank you for your time.

JA: Thank you.

Jaret Anderson is a research analyst covering agriculture and fertilizer at Mackie Research Capital. Anderson has 13 years of experience in the investment industry and was rated #1 for earnings estimate accuracy by Starmine in 2006 and #2 for the quality of his reports in 2005. Prior to joining the firm in July 2011 Anderson worked at UBS Securities Canada where he covered Canadian paper and forest companies, as well as chemical and fertilizer industries. Most recently Anderson covered Canadian fertilizer and chemical companies for Salman Partners. He received a Bachelor of Commerce, with honours (Finance) from the University of British Columbia, and was awarded the CFA designation in 2000.

A Stupid Question

If Beijing’s intervention into the Chinese economy justifies U.S.-government ‘retaliation’ to ‘correct’ market distortions created by those interventions, shouldn’t the still-significant lingering negative consequences of Beijing’s interventions into the Chinese economy from 1949-1978 be considered? Shouldn’t Beijing’s artificial destruction, during the middle decades of the 20th century, of production efficiencies in Chinese factories be weighed against Beijing’s artificial creation, in the early decades of the 21st century, of such efficiencies?

In short, the answer is no.
Boudreaux, in asking the question, implicitly accepts the validity of the state and of citizenship. He must also accept that the state must act in the best interest of its citizens. While the government should seek to redress the negative effects that its citizens face as a result of foreign market intervention, it has no responsibility to address the negative effects that non-citizens face as a result of foreign intervention. China is not the US, and Chinese aren’t Americans. As such, the US government has no obligation to concern itself with addressing negative economic outcomes faced by the Chinese people that arose as a result of the Chinese government’s economic policy.

Economic Events on February 10, 2012

At 8:30 AM Eastern time, the International Trade report for December will be released.  The consensus is a deficit of $47.8 billion, which would be the same value as the previous month.

At 9:55 AM Eastern time, Consumer Sentiment for the first half of February will be announced.  The consensus is that the index will be at 74.3, which would be a decrease of 0.7 points from the level reported in the second half of last month.

At 12:30 PM Eastern time, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke will speak to the 2012 National Association of Homebuilders International Builders’ Show on the topic of Housing Markets In Transition.

At 2:00 PM Eastern time, the Treasury budget for January will be released, providing an account of the federal government’s budget surplus or deficit for that month.