By The Energy Report, on July 20th, 2011
 Marshall Berol and Craig Valdes are concentrating their focus on resource stocks in their Encompass Fund portfolio. In this exclusive interview with The Energy Report, they share their current thinking regarding the energy sector and give us the names of some stocks that are attractively priced now and that could do well as global energy demand grows. They remain very positive on the prospects for nuclear and see oil demand growing.
The Energy Report: Your Encompass Fund has had some pretty spectacular returns over the past three years. How have you been able to do this and what are your selection criteria?
Marshall Berol: Malcolm Gissen and I started Encompass Fund five years ago. We’ve been very ably assisted by Craig Valdes and Kevin Puil. Our concept was to invest globally in any market cap size company, utilizing both a top-down and bottom-up approach. That results in us looking at sectors we find to be attractive going forward, and then selecting companies within that segment that could experience long-term capital appreciation, which is the objective of the Encompass Fund. We also look at individual companies regardless of industry, where we like the company’s fundamentals.
We have liked resource companies for the past decade. When we started Encompass Fund in 2006, we had already been invested on behalf of individual private client accounts in various sectors of the resources industries, including energy, primarily oil and gas. We have continued to be invested in those industries because they have had some excellent growth and we expect that to continue in the future. So, that’s what led to the Encompass Fund performing very well in the last several years.
The end of 2008 is very painful to recall, as I’m sure it is for all of your readers. But, in late 2008 and the beginning of 2009, we eliminated some companies in the portfolio that we didn’t feel were as strong as some of the others and added to the companies that we thought were particularly strong, but suffering from the general stock market problems. That led to a 137% gain for Encompass Fund in 2009 and a further 60% gain in 2010. For the trailing one-year and three-year periods, Encompass Fund ranks as the top International Mutual Fund, according to Morningstar.
TER: In reviewing your portfolio, nine of the 10 largest holdings are resource companies. Is that the approach you’ll likely be following in the future?
MB: At this point, the outlook is bright for resource companies, including precious and base metals as well as oil, natural gas, coal and uranium. At some point in the future, one or more of these sectors will be less attractive for investment opportunities and we’ll adjust accordingly.
TER: What is your current thinking on where the various energy areas are headed now, in light of the changes since our last interview here in May 2010?
Craig Valdes: We like natural gas as a commodity and as an energy supply. But, because of advanced technologies such as “fracking” and horizontal drilling, you’ve seen an abundance of supply. And so, we might not be as positive on the direction of the price, meaning that it’s probably going to stay in the $4 to $5 Mcf. (thousand cubic feet) range in the near-term. But, as an energy component, we strongly believe that over the longer-term our energy policies will lean more toward natural gas.
Oil has backed off from its recent highs, but the oil price is really a function of how well the global economy is doing. As long as we have an environment with even slow to expanded growth in emerging economies, there’s going to be a continued demand for energy. So, we like oil for the near and long term.
TER: Do you expect any sort of a stabilized price range for oil, or are we going to see big moves up and down?
CV: I think that has a lot to do with energy policy. It also has to do with global growth and the emerging growth economies. We believe that prices on the low end may trade somewhere in the $70-$80/barrel (bbl.) range and at the high end it could be as much as $100-$120/bbl. I think oil stays in a reasonable trading range over the near-term and the next couple of years. The only thing that could easily change that are the Saudis and the Middle East geopolitics, which could affect pricing and supply. We believe that pricing is not going to change that much over the next couple of years.
MB: Certainly, geopolitical issues will have a large bearing in the short-term. We take a nine- to 12-month view in any of these industries. Short-term you get a lot more volatility. For example, when it was announced they were going to release 60 Mbbl. of oil from strategic reserves around the world, including 30 Mbbl. from the U.S. strategic reserve, the WTI oil price went down about 10% from around $100-$90/bbl. Now it’s back up to near $100/bbl. So, in the short-term it had some affect. In the long term it doesn’t. Overall demand continues and overall supplies are basically tight. Some particular situations could lead to a larger decline or, more likely, a larger spike.
TER: Can you tell us about some oil and gas situations you particularly like at this time?
MB: One company that is a major holding in Encompass Fund and has been for some time, is a smaller low-priced stock, GeoPetro Resources Company (NYSE.A:GPR). GeoPetro has five different projects, any one of which could be a real company maker. We have participated in private placements with the company, as well as buying the stock in the open market. The company has an operating natural gas plant and some natural gas wells in Texas. It has a very interesting project in the San Joaquin Basin area in south-central California. It sold a couple of large land positions it held in Alaska to Linc Energy Ltd. (ASX: LNC; OTCQX: LNCGY) of Australia and retained an attractive royalty interest. It is also one-third partner in a project in Canada with PetroBakken Energy Ltd. (TSX:PBN). That is less likely to be acted upon in the near future, but it’s got some very good promise.
GeoPetro has a minority interest in a project in Indonesia with the majority interest held by Chinese companies. The Chinese are actively doing seismic work and plan on drilling later this year. Any one of those projects with drilling success could be extremely beneficial for the company’s stock. GeoPetro has contracted to sell some excess equipment this September that will bring in more than $9M. That would be used to increase production from the Madisonville, Texas, wells and improve the natural gas processing. Those improvements should take the company to at least a positive cash-flow situation, which would be very attractive also. It’s a low-priced stock and there aren’t hundreds of millions of shares outstanding, as you sometimes see.
TER: What else do you like?
CV: We’re very bullish on the San Joaquin Basin in south-central California. NiMin Energy Corp. (TSX:NNN) is in the San Joaquin Basin. There are some big players down there like Occidental Petroleum Corp. (NYSE:OXY) with its huge find in 2009. NiMin is just a stone’s-throw away from some of that production. It’s heavy oil and NiMin has an enhanced oil recovery process called CMD, (Combustion Miscible Drive) on which they have applied for a patent. The company creates steam using a kind of soapy oxygen and injects this into the well reservoir. That heats up the heavy oil and it comes to the surface at a faster rate. The first well they demonstrated this on was producing about 30 bpd (barrels per day) of oil. Now it’s up to about 250 bpd. NiMin has identified a number of heavy oil opportunities in old existing wells in the U.S., which they can pursue. The company has a nice land package in the San Joaquin Basin (Santa Margarita Reservoir) and it is going to drill two additional wells in the second half of this year. Secondly, it may joint venture this enhanced oil recovery process with some larger oil companies. We think that’s a great opportunity, which only enhances the company’s other primary exploration and production focus in Wyoming.
Another company we like that has a large land package in the San Joaquin area is called Zodiac Exploration Inc. (TSX.V:ZEX). It is actually targeting light oil in the Kings County region, and drilling very deep wells. It just started drilling a horizontal well and we look for some updates on that in the next few weeks. When the company finished its first vertical test well to 14,000 feet a few months ago, it found between 500 and 1,000 feet of actual pay in about four different zones. We think Zodiac has a great opportunity long term in the Southern California oil sector.
MB: One of the things we look at in junior companies is the management, because it’s extremely important that management has been in the industry for a number of years and has achieved past successes. That’s the case with Zodiac, NiMin and GeoPetro. These smaller companies will often seek out a larger joint venture industry partner or partners with technical expertise, knowledge and the ability to handle financials. Then the junior will have an ongoing interest in any of the production that comes out of that well and any succeeding wells.
TER: A lot of oil and gas exploration is going on in South America these days. We don’t hear that much about it, but there have been some big finds down there. Can you bring us up to date on what’s going on?
CV: Obviously the interest has been spurred by the big find by Petrobras in Brazil (NYSE:PBR) in the last year or two. There’s oil and gas all over South America but we’ve focused on companies in Colombia because of the way it is regulated, much like the way the U.S. and Canadian governments operate. So, many of your Canadian and U.S. operators have gone to Colombia. We presently own three oil and gas companies in Colombia. One is actually a mid-tier company, Gran Tierra Energy Inc. (NYSE:GTE; TSX:GTE). It’s a larger company with current production of approximately 18,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. One of the smaller exploration companies in our portfolio is PetroDorado Energy Ltd. (TSX.V:PDQ). PetroDorado, has working interests in a number of different blocks in Columbia and Peru. It has a 30% working interest in one block called CPO-5 that it would like to increase, but its partners are reluctant to sell any additional interest based on the recent seismic work completed. The company is going to be drilling that later this year. We’re looking for excellent results from this exploration region.
Another company that we like in the area is a service company called Estrella International Energy Services (TSX.V:EEN) working in Colombia, Peru and Argentina. Management was working for Schlumberger Ltd. (NYSE:SLB) and left a few years ago and formed Estrella. It’s a full-service oil and gas service company consolidating a fragmented industry in South America. Obviously the exploration companies and producing companies are looking for teams that have expertise and these guys have a great reputation. We think there’s a great opportunity just on the service side for Estrella. The company has demonstrated over the last couple of years that it is able to bid and win good contracts with top-tier companies, including some of the large ones such as Pacific Rubiales Energy Corp. (TSX:PRE; BVC:PREC), Petrobras (NYSE:PBR) and Canacol Energy Ltd. (TSX:CNE). That’s another company that we like on a long-term basis.
MB: Colombia has come a long way in the past decade. There is a lot of growth there and a lot of industry. A number of mining projects and energy-consuming industries are located there. With increased stability in the region, there has been far more activity. We think it has led to some significant oil and gas discoveries and a bright future for some companies.
TER: Moving on to uranium; it’s seen some turbulence since Fukushima. What are your thoughts on that market?
MB: There has been a lot of turbulence. But, long term we’re very bullish on uranium and the companies that are exploring for and producing uranium. Approximately 440 nuclear energy plants operate today around the world. Maybe half a dozen will be taken out of operation in Japan and another half dozen in Germany in the near future. The overwhelming majority of the 440 plants are continuing to operate.
As many as 50 new nuclear energy plants are still being built around the world. South Korea, France, Slovakia and even the United States, have said they intend to continue on the road to increased nuclear energy. There will be increased safety precautions. New designs have been developed for reactors over the last several decades and put in place subsequent to the reactors that were built at Fukushima. Nuclear energy provides 15% to 20% of the world’s growing electricity needs.
While 180 million pounds (Mlb.) of uranium is currently being used around the world to fuel nuclear energy plants, only about 110 Mlb. to 120 Mlb. is currently being produced. The balances come from inventories above ground and from the deactivation of the Soviet Nuclear Arms Agreement. This agreement ends in 2013 and Russia has stated it does not intend to renew it. So, somewhere between 25 Mlb. and 30 Mlb./year will need to be replaced. We think it’s going to cause an increase in the price of uranium in the years to come. The companies that are either producing it or exploring for it and will be producing it are very attractive and we remain very bullish.
Solar and wind are fine, but it’s a minuscule output now and probably for many years to come. Geothermal and hydro are also fine, but they’re extremely limited in production and location. Other difficulties emerge with increasing electricity generation from oil or gas or coal. So, nuclear energy plants have a definite long-term positive outlook.
It’s strange, but in the investment business, people don’t want to buy things that are on sale. The uranium companies are currently on sale. We were in uranium companies prior to Fukushima. We have increased some of those holdings and added new ones. People should pay attention to the uranium industry and what’s actually going on in the nuclear energy industry, rather than merely drawing conclusions from headlines.
TER: Can you tell us about some of the ones you like that are in your portfolio?
MB: One of the top holdings for some time has been Uranium Energy Corp (NYSE.A:UEC). The company’s primary projects are in South Texas. It started production in November 2010 using in-situ recovery (ISR). It’s a far less costly and far more environmentally friendly method than either open pit mining or underground mining. Uranium Energy Corp also has other projects they are bringing into production in South Texas. The company recently made an acquisition of a very large land package in Paraguay. It also owns additional exploration properties in Arizona, Colorado, Utah and Wyoming. It just recently signed its first long-term contract to sell some production.
Another current producer we find attractive is an Australian company, Paladin Energy Ltd. (TSX:PDN; ASX:PDN) with projects in Australia, Malawi and Namibia. It also acquired a project in Labrador and Newfoundland that looks very attractive.
A company that is near production is Ur-Energy Inc. (NYSE.A:URG; TSX:URE), which has some advanced projects in Wyoming and should be in production within the next year.
Tournigan Energy Ltd. (TSX.V:TVC, FSE:TGP), which is in Slovakia, is an interesting situation. More than 50% of Slovakia’s energy is generated from the four nuclear energy reactors currently operating in that country. The country is currently building two additional reactors. Tournigan is in advanced stages of exploration and prefeasibility on its Kuriskova project in Slovakia, which will be able to provide uranium for all the European Union countries.
A company we think is attractive and is earlier stage, is Crosshair Exploration & Mining Corp. (TSX:CXX). It has uranium projects in Wyoming, Labrador and Newfoundland along with some other commodities. Currently, the major uranium producer in the world is Cameco Corp. (TSX:CCO; NYSE:CCJ). BHP Billiton Ltd. (NYSE:BHP; OTCPK:BHPLF) and Rio Tinto (NYSE:RIO; ASX:RIO) are major multi-metal and multi-commodity miners that are also involved in uranium production.
TER: Do you have any thoughts on coal?
MB: We think coal is also attractive. While it has some environmental and safety problems depending on where the coal is being mined, 50% of the electricity in the United States comes from coal. It’s a higher percentage in China. That’s not going to change dramatically for quite some time. We are invested in several coal companies, one of which is operating in Mongolia, 20 miles from the Chinese border. Every bit of coal that is being produced by SouthGobi Energy Resources Ltd. (TSX:SGQ) in Mongolia is being purchased and used in China. SouthGobi has been in production for several years and is increasing production every year. We think it’s a very attractive company and very attractively priced because the price is down, for whatever reasons.
A large quality coal company is Peabody Energy Corp. (NYSE:BTU). We have holdings in Forbes Coal (TSX:FMC), which is in production in South Africa, and in L&L Energy Inc. (NASDAQ:LLEN). L&L is a U.S. company that has acquired several coal mines and coal washing projects in China and is producing and selling coal in China. We think coal is a very attractive industry now and going forward.
TER: Do you follow the potash industry? What are your thoughts there?
MB: We do and we like it because the growth of the population and economies in the emerging markets means that more people have more money and can afford, and want, better food. There’s a tremendous ongoing need for potash and the other types of fertilizers.
Over the years we’ve been in and out of PotashCorp (TSX:POT; NYSE:POT). While we are not traders, sometimes the price of a company gets bid up and we believe it’s time to either sell some or all of a position depending on valuation. That has been the case with PotashCorp.
The Mosaic Company (NYSE:MOS) is another very attractive large fertilizer company. A smaller one that we have invested in is Verde Potash (TSX.V:NPK), which is developing a large potash project in Brazil. There is enough demand from Brazilian agricultural industries that the company will probably sell the majority of its production in Brazil.
Passport Potash Inc. (TSX.V:PPI, OTCQX:PPRTF) is an early stage company with a very large land package in Arizona that likely will be brought into production. Another smaller company is Western Potash Corp. (TSX.V:WPX), which is using the ISR process in Canada’s Athabasca region.
TER: Can you to summarize your overall view of where the energy industry is going?
MB: As should be apparent, we are positive on the energy industry and the various components of it. Oil, coal and uranium are very attractive and there are a number of companies in those industries that we believe will do well. The Encompass Fund is focused on the long term and not day-to-day trading. When you look at the long-term factors involved in supply and demand for the various segments of the energy industry, they are very positive. Natural gas is in a somewhat different situation, but as evidenced by BHP’s proposed $12.1B acquisition of Petrohawk, natural gas is also valuable.
TER: We greatly appreciate your time today.
MB: We appreciate it. We’ve enjoyed it. And, if your readers are interested in more information about the Encompass Fund, we would refer them to the website, www.encompassfund.com. The ticker is ENCPX.
CV: Thank you.
Marshall Berol has been involved since 1982 as an investment manager in San Francisco, CA. He and Malcolm Gissen co-founded and co-manage the Encompass Fund, a no-load mutual fund. Also since 2000, he has been the chief investment officer of Malcolm H. Gissen & Associates, Inc. Mr. Berol did his undergraduate work at the University of California (Berkeley) and received a JD degree from the University of San Francisco School of Law.
Craig Valdes has been an investment manager in the San Francisco Bay Area since 1982. Since 2006, he has been the director of research and trading at Malcolm H. Gissen & Associates Inc. He previously was a partner and portfolio manager at Genesis Capital Management and Hutchinson Richardson Investment Management in San Francisco, CA.
By B.P.T., on July 20th, 2011
The Mortgage Bankers’ Association purchase index will be released at 7:00 AM EDT, providing an update on the quantity of new mortgages and refinancings closed in the last week.
At 10:00 AM EDT, the Existing Home Sales report for June will be released. The consensus is that existing homes were sold at an annual rate of 4.9 million last month, which would be an increase of 90,000 from last month.
At 10:30 AM EDT, the weekly Energy Information Administration Petroleum Status Report will be released, giving investors an update on oil inventories in the United States.
By Simon Grey, on July 19th, 2011
ASI:
One example he used was of Jonathan’s Coffeehouse, a private club that preceded the London Stock Exchange. In the 18th century, the government refused to enforce stock exchange contracts, seeing them as a form of gambling. Nevertheless, the Coffeehouse became a centre of commerce and contracts were usually upheld voluntarily. If you were a trader, you could rip somebody off once, but would be barred from the club. For people whose livelihoods were based on stock trading, it wasn’t worth it.
The same phenomenon exists today in a whole range of exchanges. When I go to a restaurant and get a bland meal, it’s practically certain that I won’t sue. Does this mean that profit-maximising restaurants will constantly give out bland meals? No – if it serves bad food, I’ll stop going and tell my friends not to go either. Reputational capital, so to speak, is enormously valuable, and losing it can be worse than just losing a court case. As a side-point, the reason that restaurants in touristy areas are usually so bad is down to this fact as well. Tourists typically don’t know anything about the restaurants they go to – could things like TripAdvisor bring an end to tasteless, expensive tourist food?
One complaint about the unfettered free market is that there is no way to “make sure” that people behave ethically and fairly in their business dealings. The unspoken assumption is that only government can provide the final guarantee against fraud, presumably through the use of force. What’s neglected in this fairly shallow analysis is that most people expect to participate in the market over the long term, the market can exert plenty of force, and the government is far from perfect anyway.
Since most people expect to participate in the market over the long term, it would be foolish for them to do things that would cause consumers to distrust them. As was already noted, if someone were to even sell a shoddy product, they would presumably suffer negative consequences. And if they intentionally defrauded customers, they would find that they would go out of business quite quickly.
The reason for this is due to the effect of social pressure, which exists outside of the state. Most people with decent faculties will find that it is in their best interest to “play by the rules” because doing so ensures that will have social acceptance, which in turn ensures that there is some degree of implicit trust which then enables trade. This social pressure ensures that most people conform to social norms, and this is itself a form of force.
Unlike the state, though, the market does not have coercive power, in the sense that conformity can be forced. Anyone can opt out of the society in which they live, if they so choose. Incidentally, if one were to opt out of a given society, the market in that society would improve because those who opted out would no longer participate in that market.
Finally, the coercive force of the government is not always used for good. Even if the market cannot ensure that no one ever gets hurt when engaging in market transactions, it does not follow that the government will. As such, the argument that the government needs to regulate the market for the good of consumers is simply specious.
By The Gold Report, on July 19th, 2011
 As a geologist by training, it’s no surprise that S&A Resource Report Editor Matt Badiali takes a data-driven approach to investing. In this exclusive Gold Report interview, he shares calculations for trailing stops and strategies to take profits with prospect generators and points to the signs of gold price manipulation.
The Gold Report: Matt, in the June edition of S&A Resource Report, you wrote that resource stocks could see some pullback once quantitative easing (QE) was no longer injecting money into the system. QE2 ended last week. Is your thesis proving correct and what are your strategies to mitigate post-QE2 portfolio risk?
Matt Badiali: A lot of the resources—silver, oil and even gold—pulled back at the end of April. We felt there was enough commodity risk that we wanted to be careful investing in a lot of those companies. However, we jumped back into several silver companies because they just got too cheap not to take action. It looked like they had been oversold.
I still feel oil is inflated. I think gold is still in a bull market, but no bull market goes straight up. With the end of QE2 we could see gold reverse a little bit. My recommendation this month was coal. With European countries jumping out of nuclear power, coal is a fairly bulletproof market; it has less commodity risk than the rest of the group.
TGR: The headline on that article was “Ignore the Noise and Focus on the Big Trend.” What is the big trend?
MB: For one, gold is still a fantastic long-term investment. That won’t change until the U.S. and Europe get their financial houses in order. That’s when I’ll start looking bearish on gold and silver. We’ve seen a spectacular run in the silver price, then a big correction. Eric Sprott, for one, makes the case that silver will appreciate more than gold over the next year or two.
TGR: But for silver to return to its long-held ratio of 16:1, it would have to accelerate at a rate more than double that of gold. That’s a steep climb.
MB: I think inflation is still one of the best arguments; silver remains a good store of value. But silver also has one foot in industry, where demand is rising.
TGR: You’ve also written about the manipulation of the gold price. You made your case by looking at single day jumps in the price of gold and other commodities over the last 10 years. Over that span, gold had gone up more than 5% in 1 day only 3 times, oil went up more than 5% on 53 days and silver on 32 days. More to the point, gold never went up more than 10% in a single day over the previous 10 years. That would suggest the gold market is being controlled. Are you concerned about placing so much faith in a market that is being controlled by non-market-related events?
MB: Well, let me preface this by saying I went into this as a skeptic. I’m a geologist, a scientist. I looked at the gold price at Eric Sprott’s suggestion; he gave me an idea that I could test with data from Datastream. When we did the math, I was shocked. So, now I do believe that the gold price is being manipulated somehow.
As to my concern about investing in a manipulated market, I do my absolute best to hedge commodity risk by finding companies that are undervalued. You can’t argue with the long-term trend: the price of gold has gone up every year for the last decade. Either the manipulators are doing a terrible job or the trend is so inevitable that all they’ve managed to do is dampen it a little bit. The implication is that if the manipulators lose their ability to manipulate, gold prices could soar.
TGR: Let’s move on to your specialties. You recommend using trailing stops to lock in profits on equities. A trailing stop is triggered when an equity goes below a certain percentage of the previous day’s closing price. Given resource stocks’ inherent volatility, how do you determine trailing stops for junior resource equities?
MB: My colleague Steve Sjuggerud helped design a computer model we use to determine the most effective trailing-stop price. Trailing stops work off the high price. So, we base our percentage on the highest price that the equity achieved at the close of the day’s trade. For example, an investment in ExxonMobil would use a 25% trailing stop.
TGR: Because that’s not a volatile stock.
MB: Exactly. For juniors, we use 50%. Really, it’s about protecting yourself against major losses. We believe 50% is as much of a loss as we want to take on any position. To me, the trailing stop is a great way to take profits. If you start with a 50% trailing stop on your volatile stocks, you can tighten it to 25, then to 15 and 10 as you make money.
TGR: How do you determine how much to tighten?
MB: This is when the strategy has to go beyond the company. So, say we bought a junior miner operating in the Yukon. We made a big gain during the field season and in September we’re sitting on 60% or 70%. This is a great time to ratchet down your trailing stop because news flow is the life blood of junior miners. You can take a profit and plan to get back in the next summer.
TGR: Let’s talk names. Stansberry & Associates Investment Research developed a list of the Top 10 Prospect Generators. What are some prospect generators you’re following that might be considered undervalued at this point?
MB: Mirasol Resources Ltd. (TSX.V:MRZ) has been one of my favorites for years. It’s a silver explorer working in the Deseado Massif in Argentina. Marisol has smart, experienced folks who explore using cutting-edge technology. For example, Marisol has used satellite imagery and high-altitude aerial photography to explore. This allowed them to make two discoveries.
They just put out a resource on the first property, Joaquin, which is a joint venture with Coeur d’Alene Mines Corp. (NYSE:CDE; TSX:CDM). I suspect that Joaquin is going to become a mine.
I should add that one of the ways that I value prospect generators is the quality of their partners. Some companies will look for discoveries just to sell the project to someone else. Coeur d’Alene, on the other hand, has a vested interest in building a mine at Joaquin. They are serious, committed partners.
The other discovery is called Virginia, 100% owned by Marisol right now. That’s progressing very well; it has high grades. This year, the share price has been as high US$8; now it’s below US$5. If this discovery begins to grow in size, I could see Coeur d’Alene buying the entire company.
TGR: Given that Marisol was at US$8, would you consider it undervalued at US$5?
MB: Yes, and it’s because they’re in between field seasons.
TGR: What are some other prospect generators?
MB: One that’s been a rock star for me is ATAC Resources Ltd. (TSX.V:ATC). ATAC is a junior miner exploring gold projects in the Yukon. In 2008, the company made a big discovery in the Rau Gold Project, Rau is part of the Rackla region. In early July, ATAC put out game-changing results: 82 meters at 4 g/t gold within an interval of 115 meters at 3.1 g/t. That really proves continuity on this project.
TGR: So, that’s a 100m step-out hole from the original discovery hole that was found at Rackla in November 2010. Are there plans for infill drilling in the meantime?
MB: I’m heading up to Vancouver the end of this month to get the entire story. They have a lot of rigs on site, but I just don’t know what their plans are. It’s important for them to get a feel for the size of it.
Right now, I believe it’s time to sit back and see which mining company or companies decide they need to own this project. I think ATAC will be the story that we go back to over the next 5 or 10 years and say, “Wow, what an amazing discovery all the way through its buy up.”
TGR: With a market cap of over US$800M, it will have to be a pretty major player to buy out ATAC. Any idea who some suitors might be?
MB: I’m not sure who the suitor will be. I don’t think you’ll see somebody like Kinross Gold Corp. (TSX:K; NYSE:KGC) sneak in and buy ATAC for its current market value. I think you’re going to see competition. And I’m hoping that it is north of US$2B. That would be pretty nice.
TGR: Do you have one more prospect generator before we move on?
MB: There’s a new company called Renaissance Gold Inc. (TSX.V:REN). This is another company where the people are the most important thing. The CEO is Richard Bedell and AuEx’s former CEO, Ron Parratt, is on the management team as well.
Renaissance has an exciting copper-gold project in Spain called Baza. It’s a partnership with Concordia Resource Corp (TSX.V:CCN) (previously Western Uranium Corp. TSX.V:WUC). The company is drilling there now. It also has several grassroots projects in Nevada that are comparable to Long Canyon. Lastly, it has an exploration agreement with Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd. (TSX:AEM; NYSE:AEM) on four projects in Patagonia, Argentina.
TGR: Are there some juniors that may be underperforming right now, but could see a bump by the end of the year based on drill results?
MB: I’m expecting great things from Kaminak Gold Corporation (TSX.V:KAM). The company has a real discovery in Coffee; it’s a company-maker. Kaminak made a series of discoveries in the Yukon and named each one after a different kind of coffee drink. Kaminak really needs to find out if the discoveries are connected. I was up there last year and was very impressed with the size. I think that this is going to be their field season.
The CEO is Rob Carpenter. He’s a Ph.D. geologist, a very, very, very smart guy. Up in the camp, where everyone lives in tents, the company used a satellite dish with an XRF fluoroscope to do rough assays on site. It was really exciting to see him applying this new technology in the field on an active discovery.
Another junior that I like and own is Miranda Gold Corp. (TSX.V:MAD). It has a project called Pavo Real in Colombia and it is drilling in Nevada right now. I think that a little success will go a long way in improving their share price.
TGR: Could you comment on Kiska Metals Corp. (TSX.V:KSK)?
MB: I’ve known the management group at Kiska since 2006 when they were Rimfire. I have a lot of respect for them. They got away from the prospect generator model when they merged with Globex in 2008. Their Whistler project in Alaska is a series of gold sniffs. It’s copper-gold porphyry, which tends to be large and low-grade.
Comparable projects might be Northern Dynasty Minerals Ltd.’s (TSX:NDM; NYSE.A:NAK) Pebble project and Seabridge Gold Inc.’s (TSX:SEA;NYSE.A:SA) Kerr-Sulphurets-Mitchell deposit. These are all low-grade, but really, really big projects.
The Whistler project is relatively underexplored, so it has a lot of potential. If they get a couple of good drill holes, the share price could rise quickly. The company has a resource on it now.
TGR: Whistler has about 5.5 Moz., indicated and inferred combined.
MB: I think it has the potential to double. This could be one of those long, slow explorations. The average grade there is half a gram, so they need to string a lot of holes together. That’s what we saw with Seabridge. It took several field seasons, but they wound up with more than 30 Moz. just from drilling and delineating the deposit. That’s what Kiska will have to do.
Kiska does have a new technique for drilling that they think might speed things up, and a new target area. The company is going to do more than 30,000m of drilling this year. Kiska is worth speculation at this point. Their high was US$1.74 last fall and their 52-week low was US$0.65. Now, it’s around US$0.77. Unless they have some sort of calamitous accident, this is pretty close to a likely bottom. It looks like this is a company that you can speculate on.
TGR: What would the trailing stop be?
MB: I would use a 50% trailing stop.
TGR: Let’s close by going back to a more strategic topic: management groups. What’s your approach to evaluating a management group?
MB: Doing your homework really pays off in this industry and not doing your homework will ruin you. There’s an old saw that says the best way to make a million investing in junior miners is to start with two million. That’s true.
I do the homework—and the legwork—for Stansberry. I make the phone calls. I go to Vancouver and attend the conferences. Meeting management is crucial; I go to their offices. I go out to the projects and kick the rocks. I keep a contact list of industry experts from geologists to brokers to successful speculators to retired geologists that aren’t in the field anymore. I vet projects and companies as thoroughly as I can before we ever invest in them.
TGR: Matt, thanks for helping our readers get a start on their homework.
Matt Badiali is the editor of the S&A Resource Report, a monthly investment advisory that focuses on natural resources—from small exploration outfits, to equipment companies, to the biggest commodity companies in the world. As a geologist, Matt focuses on all natural resources including silver, uranium, copper, natural gas, oil, water and gold. He’s also a regular contributor to Growth Stock Wire, a free pre-market briefing on the day’s most profitable trading opportunities. Matt has real-world experience as a hydrologist, geologist, and a consultant to the oil industry and he holds a master’s in geology from Florida Atlantic University.
By Bron Suchecki, on July 19th, 2011
I recently listened to an interview between Eric Sprott and Chris Martenson. Eric has a very good line in spin playing to the themes beloved by the ‘bugs. Deconstructing them requires more time than I have at the moment, but this comment I can’t leave:
“… I think all the paper markets are a joke. As you are probably aware, we trade a billion ounces of silver a day. A billion ounces. The world produces 900 million a year.”
There are many falsehoods in the precious metal commentary “market” but I’m surprised Eric is supporting the idea that large turnover figures are suspicious, which I debunked in this post. He should be careful supporting this meme as it can just as easily apply to his own funds, particularly his silver fund as he seems not interested in doing any secondaries (in contrast to his gold fund).
The suspicious turnover meme is often confused with fractional bullion banking, an example being this comment by The Burning Platform:
“Several competent analysts have worked the numbers (including Bill Murphy and Chris Powell of GATA), and have come to the conclusion that for every ounce of silver in known inventories there are approximately 100 paper contracts trading (a fractional bullion system, if you will) on various exchanges across the globe.”
My response below:
1) My understanding is that the 100:1 figure did not come from “analysis” but from a statement made by CPM Group’s Mr Christian. See here. I would be very interested in independent analysis coming to the 100:1 figure that did not rely on Mr Christian’s comment, please provide links.
2) Mr Christian’s comments were confused by many as a statement about the ratio of fractional bullion banking instead of paper to physical trading ratio, which are two completely different things. GATA’s Adrian Douglas did an analysis that concluded the fractional ratio was 4:1. That analysis had serious flaws in my opinion (see here but in the end it was too conservative, with Mr Christian confirming it is generally 10:1 (40:1 in the case of AIG). 
By B.P.T., on July 19th, 2011
At 7:45 AM EDT, the weekly ICSC-Goldman Store Sales report will be released, giving an update on the health of the consumer through this analysis of retail sales.
At 8:30 AM EDT, the Housing Starts report for June will be released. The consensus is that construction on 575,000 new homes were started last month, which would be an increase of 15,000 from the previous month.
At 8:55 AM EDT, the weekly Redbook report will be released, giving us more information about consumer spending.
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By Simon Grey, on July 18th, 2011
In which I disagree with Captain Capitalism:
Arguably the single largest threat to freedom in the world is the “harmonization” of tax rates. Of course politicians like to use euphemisms so the ignorant masses can continue on watching their Lady Gaga or the latest professional sports competition, but trust me it is a threat. The reason why is if tax rates are “harmonized” then there is no incentive for business, investment or labor to go to one country versus another. And if tax rates are moved in conjunction with one another, then the governments essentially form an OPEC-like cartel ensuring that labor and capital are more or less trapped at their home country. Since there is no advantage to moving investment and labor to one place or another, governments (if working together) and implement whatever policies they want on their people because “where you going to go? Every place is the same.”
Tax rates are not the only concern, or even the largest, for a company looking to build overseas. Labor costs and capital costs are larger concerns for most companies since capital and labor tend to be the largest expenses a business faces. The reason companies chartered in America build crap in China isn’t because taxes are lower in China but because labor is cheaper in China.
I’m not trying to suggest, of course, that tax rates don’t factor in to the decision to locate overseas. I’m simply saying that taxes are, for the most part, a marginal concern, which in turn means that the claim that “there is no incentive for business, investment or labor to go to one country versus another” is simply economically ignorant.
By The Gold Report, on July 18th, 2011
 Gold is once again hitting new highs, closing at $1,589/oz. on July 14. In this exclusive interview with The Gold Report, Dr. Michael Berry, principal of discoveryinvesting.com and editor of Morning Notes, predicts $1,700 gold by year-end and points to the juniors that could bask in the enhanced glow of all the metals, including copper and zinc.
The Gold Report: Dr. Berry, you are going to go before the Federal Reserve and meet with Congressional representatives on July 18. Could you give our readers a Coles Notes version of what you plan to say?
Michael Berry: I go before the Federal Reserve twice a year. In this presentation on Monday, I’ll talk about the geopolitics of growth in emerging countries and issues related to the dollar, gold, convergence of the rest of the world and the weak global recovery.
Monday afternoon, I’ll head over to the House and meet with the Chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee and Senator Lisa Murkowski’s (R-Alaska) natural resource staff to discuss extractive resource policy, natural resource exploration in the U.S., critical metals and what’s really happening in the rest of the world regarding resource nationalism.
I also believe I’ll be meeting with Senator Murkowski’s natural resource policy representative, McKie Campbell. I’m trying to educate the Congressmen and Senators and their staffs on how important natural resources are to the U.S. and what’s going on in the world with respect to critical metals, metals supply and demand and what policies we need to enact in this country.
TGR: Do you feel you’ve made progress toward legislation that’s a bit more pro-mineral development or metal development?
MB: Yes, I think we’ve made some progress. It’s a long education process and it’s difficult to do because you have to be consistently in front of them. Congress has three bills pending now—two in the House and one in the Senate—that relate to natural resource development in the U.S. for critical metals. Not just rare earth elements, but a number of others as well. They also relate to exploration and development policy. I think we’re making some inroads with Congress and others in Washington. It’s very important that we keep that pressure up.
TGR: On Thursday, the price of gold for delivery in August flirted with $1,600/oz., going as high as $1,594.90/oz. before closing at $1,589.30. What is causing this continued upward climb and what does it mean for juniors going forward?
MB: There is just a tremendous amount of uncertainty regarding the debt ceiling and the U.S. credit rating. That is pushing gold and silver prices higher, which is positive for gold miners and exploration stocks. Look for $1,700/oz. gold by the end of the year.
TGR: What happens if there is no third round of quantitative easing and our elected officials come to an agreement on the debt ceiling? Does the gold price climb lose its momentum?
MB: Nothing is standing in the way of gold and silver going higher. There will be some accommodation on the debt ceiling and something will be done to try to keep the economy moving just because no one wants to see higher interest rates. In the meantime, investors have come to the realization that precious metals play an important role in the portfolios of individuals, institutions and countries, which are now buying large quantities of gold. It will continue to hit new highs as the 250-day moving average is increasing beautifully.
TGR: In the second quarter, we witnessed a significant sell-off in speculative positions in both gold and silver. Do you believe a portion of that speculative money could find its way into copper?
MB: There’s tremendous pent-up demand for copper around the world because of emerging economies. It is also much more difficult to make world-class discoveries today. I think copper prices will be very strong. Metals like zinc are also really starting to look very attractive to the exploration industry. There’s a lot of potential for discovery investment flows into some of the base metals, including copper and zinc, and some of the special metals such as manganese, vanadium and graphite.
TGR: Any discussion about copper has to include China. Beijing recently raised interest rates to fight inflation, but the economic indicators in China continue to improve and that ultimately means greater demand for copper there. Will supply disruptions converging with greater demand push the copper price above $5/lb. this summer?
MB: That is certainly possible. I can remember when copper was $0.65/lb., so obviously there is real upward momentum. Copper is a “quality of life” metal. Infrastructure can’t be built-out without copper. I think that prices are going to be quite strong as we approach the fall season.
It is interesting to note that the Chinese started buying again as the price of copper fell in the last couple of months. Their demand is crucial. They are also bidding for copper companies around the world. I think we’re in the third inning of a very long commodity supercycle in the world. Copper rightly will take its place in that cycle. Copper miners in Indonesia and Chile are experiencing labor problems as well.
TGR: Recently, China’s Jinchuan Group trumped a $1B bid for the African-focused copper company Metorex Limited (JSE:MTX; LSE:MTX). Do you expect Chinese firms to take more runs at companies as a means to lower the cost of copper?
MB: I do, but I think the primary motivation of the Chinese is going to be infrastructure build out. It’s a huge country with a growing middle class. Somewhere around $4 copper is probably very cheap to the Chinese.
But it will be more than just the Chinese that come into this game. Companies like Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (NYSE:FCX) are going to get involved because there just hasn’t been a lot of new high-grade discoveries that have been turned into reserves. It’s a very interesting game that’s being played. Africa is in play in terms of natural resources. No doubt.
TGR: Given the jurisdiction risk in Africa, could there be a bit of a premium on western copper plays?
MB: The Murkowski Bill, which passed in a unanimous, bi-partisan vote but hasn’t been signed by the president yet, should help ease exploration in U.S. Some of the discovery progress in Arizona and Nevada now is going to become increasingly sought after by companies like Freeport, Rio Tinto PLC (NYSE:RIO; Paris: RTZ.PA), even Barrick Gold Corp. (TSX:ABX; NYSE:ABX), and of course some of the smaller copper companies. I think there’s going to be a premium on what’s happening in the U.S., Canada and, to a lesser extent, Mexico.
TGR: Which companies do you think could benefit?
MB: One that I’ve followed for years and in which I own a big position is Quaterra Resources Inc. (TSX.V:QTA, NYSE.A:QMM). It just exercised its option to acquire the Yerington Mine, which was mined from about 1952 to 1978 by Anaconda. It’s the most significant land position in the Yerington District. Adjacent to it is Nevada Copper Corp. (TSX:NCU), which has a huge skarn find. Rio Tinto has a 13% position in Entree Gold Inc. (TSX:ETG), which acquired the Anne Mason Property in Nevada, also adjacent to the Yerington Mine.
Yerington is the newest and safest copper district in the U.S. It could realize 50 Blb. to 60 Blb. of copper. Anaconda mined 1.7 Blb. during its 25-year life. Quaterra went through the rigorous process of taking this mine and property out of bankruptcy. It now controls water rights and about 8 Blb. of copper. No one understands this story, so the QMM stock is very cheap. I estimate that Yerington, the Bear Deposit and its nearby open pit MacArthur mine are worth $3 to $4 per share of Quaterra.
Another company that I follow closely is Redhawk Resources (TSX.V:RDK; Fkft:QF7; OTCQX:RHWKF). Redhawk sits in the Copper Creek area of southern Arizona, actually Pinal County, where several big copper porphyries are located. It is drilling a huge defined copper and moly resource there. The stock is trading around $0.50, so companies like Freeport, BHP Billiton Ltd. (NYSE:BHP; OTCPK:BHPLF) and Asarco Grupo Mexico, whose Hayden smelter is just a few miles away by road, are likely to take a big interest in Redhawk.
TGR: That property has been thoroughly explored before. Is it getting a second look because of where copper prices are right now?
MB: There has been a lack of new high-grade discoveries lately, so companies are coming back and readdressing some of the properties where maybe $0.65/lb. copper didn’t work, but $4/lb. copper works beautifully. These are places that already have a lot of infrastructure and safety isn’t a risk as in Africa or Indonesia.
TGR: Redhawk said in its scoping study that it’s going to need about $400M to build the mine and mill there. Is it going to have to do a joint venture or an off-take agreement?
MB: I would imagine that Redhawk will not raise that kind of money, but it may not have to build one. Several mills operate in the area, including Asarco’s Hayden mill, which would be a natural fit. There’s good transportation infrastructure and Pinal County is all about mining culture. My guess is that the company will strike a deal to use someone’s existing facilities or perhaps be acquired.
TGR: Quaterra and Redhawk are fairly mature. Do you have any earlier-stage prospects?
MB: Southern Silver Exploration Corp. (TSX.V.SSV; Fkft:SEG), southeast of Tucson, Ariz., is in the early stages of exploring for copper porphyries, specifically a Resolution-type target, jointly with Freeport-McMoRan. I think it has a good chance for a discovery at this stage on its Dragoon project. Freeport thinks enough of it to be drilling it at this stage.
It’s trading at about $0.17 a share, so it’s certainly what some of us would call a “penny dreadful.” But I like the management and I like their properties and they have several in addition to the Arizona copper target.
TGR: You recently went to Guyana with a group of Chinese investors. Guyana is starting to see some major gold projects come into development, such as Guyana Goldfields Inc.’s (TSX:GUY) Aurora Project and Sandspring Resources Ltd.’s (TSX.V:SSP) Toroparu Project. However, I see a few challenges facing companies looking to develop mines in Guyana. One is a severe lack of infrastructure and a pristine rain forest environment. Another is a shared border with Venezuela where several gold projects have been nationalized by the Hugo Chavez regime. Also, the Guyanese government is relatively unfamiliar with mining.
MB: You’re probably right about some of those concerns. There is a lack of infrastructure. For example, when we flew into the jungle to see GMV Minerals Inc. (TSX.V:GMV), we helicoptered in for about 70 miles. GMV has a huge land position. I think it has perhaps one of the better chances to make a significant discovery. I like the management team under Ian Klassen very much. They just have a good idea of what’s going on down there.
I don’t believe that Venezuela is a factor at all. I don’t foresee any problem with the Venezuelan government interfering in the internal affairs of Guyana.
There are some health risks. Malaria and yellow fever are a problem there. But I still think the glass is half full for Guyana. Especially, if foreign companies—primarily Canadian companies—bring their expertise, talent and jobs for the locals.
TGR: Is the government mining-friendly?
MB: We met with the Prime Minister and it’s fair to say that in every developing country there are going to be nationalist undertones. But the government is welcoming in exploration and development. Some of the big companies, like Teck Resources Ltd. (NYSE:TCK; TSX:TCK.A, TCK.B) and Barrick, are now looking carefully at Guyana primarily because Venezuela is so inhospitable. The government seems to know what it’s doing with mining law. I don’t foresee that the taxes will be more significant there than anywhere else in the world.
TGR: One of GMV’s properties is right beside Guyana Goldfield’s Aurora Project. Is that property likely to become GMV’s flagship operation?
MB: GMV has done the geophysics and flown almost the entire country and analyzed the data carefully. No other company has this database. The company has a better idea of where the gold veins are located than anyone else there. The property it’s working on now has tremendous potential. We were there when it drilled its first hole. It’s going to be a while before we really know much about GMV, but I really like its potential because it has a lot of targets to drill. I believe the company will farm out some of the properties and drill the best ones.
TGR: Can you tell us about Ian Klassen, GMV’s head, and his team?
MB: He’s an experienced hand in Guyana. He’s really done a thorough job of working with prominent local mining families, soil sampling, ground geophysics and airborne geophysics. He’s kept costs to $50/m on the drilling, which are relatively cheap. He’s just announced a deal with Canamex Resources Corp. (TSX.V:CSQ; FSE:CX6) for several million shares, where Canamex will take a GMV property that is about 10% of its land position. He’s very good at monetizing some of the company’s holdings that couldn’t be utilized in the near term due to the large size of its land holdings. Ian’s had a lot of experience in Ottawa with the Canadian government and is moving forward with Grande Portage Resources, Ltd. (TSX.V:GPG) on the Herbert Glacier where they have reported visible gold intersections. He’s ready to create value for GMV shareholders.
TGR: You visited Sandspring’s Toroparu gold-copper deposit in Guyana on your previous trip. That junior recently released the results of its infill drill program. Did you see those results?
MB: I did. The company is getting one and two gram gold and has a copper credit. It just needs to step out and keep drilling and it will find a lot more gold. There’s a lot of opportunity for the companies already in Guyana with camps set up. Sandspring has about 10 Moz. in various resource classifications from measured and indicated to inferred. I expect that it will get higher grades as it keeps drilling. I’ve owned that stock for about two years.
TGR: Sandspring shares reached $3 late last year, but fell back below $2.50. What’s going to be the next catalyst to push Sandspring stock above $3?
MB: The next catalyst could be the discovery of a higher grade system. Most of the share prices of these gold juniors, even the ones with NI 43-101 resources, came off significantly in the past few months. It wouldn’t surprise me to see Sandspring go back above $3. If the company keeps drilling and keeps adding resources, it’s going to get a significant premium on a takeout from a major player at some point in time.
TGR: Are there any other Guyana-focused juniors that you’re following?
MB: Sacre Coeur Minerals (TSX.V:SCM) was part of a controversial takeout by OAO Severstal (LSE:SVST; RT:CHMF) that ultimately fell through. The stock is very cheap. Coming down from a high of $1.57, it was recently trading at around $0.40. The company’s property is very close to GMV and Sandspring’s properties in eastern Guyana.
TGR: Recently, the Peruvian government rescinded Bear Creek Mining Corp.’s (TSX.V:BCM) permit for the Santa Ana Silver Project in Peru. Since then, the company’s share price has plummeted to about one-third of its previous value. Did that move send some shockwaves through the mining investment community in South America?
MB: Peru and Guyana are on the same continent, but they’re almost totally different in every respect. The Peruvian decision has sent shockwaves through the mining community there. There’s a lot of gravitation to places like Colombia and Guyana and away from places like Venezuela and Peru. However, Peru, Ecuador and Chile have some of the great deposits and a lot of investors are willing to take that risk.
When something like this happens, there are shockwaves and shockwaves scare investors. The Peruvian government is smart enough to know that they need to attract money into the country. I’m sure that Bear Creek will handle it well and its stock price will come back over time.
TGR: Is there a risk of anything like that happening in Guyana?
MB: There is an election forthcoming in Guyana and things could change. I don’t think that they will change for the worse in Guyana. The country recognizes the need to have their country developed, to have capital coming in, to increase investment and infrastructure. I expect the election will be favorable for mining and offshore oil work.
TGR: Any parting thoughts for us, Dr. Berry?
MB: Canadian Nobel Prize winner Michael Spence has written a book on the coming convergence of the emerging world. I think we have between 20 and 30 years. He thinks we have 50 years of this convergence of emerging country quality of life. If that is true, we have the next three to five decades of converging lifestyles. That means that the commodity and natural resource sectors, in particular the mining sector, will be a wonderful place to be invested. And we’re going to be there with the discovery investing opportunity. We’re going to focus and push very hard toward that down the road.
TGR: Thanks, Dr. Berry.
Dr. Michael Berry has lived in the U.S. for 36 years, but was raised in Canada. A math major at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, he earned an MBA at the University of Connecticut and obtained a Ph.D. specializing in quantitative analysis and investment finance from Arizona State University. He has specialized in the study of behavioral strategies for investing and has been published in a number of academic and practitioner journals. His definitive work on earnings surprise, with David Dreman, was published in the Financial Analysts Journal. While he was a professor of investments at the Colgate Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia, Michael spent considerable time with some world-renowned geologists on the Carlin Trend. While a professor, he published a case book, Managing Investments: A Case Approach.
Dr. Berry also held the Wheat First Endowed Chair at James Madison University in Virginia, and managed small- and mid-cap value portfolios for Milwaukee-based Heartland Advisors and Chicago-based Kemper Scudder. His Morning Notes publication, distributed worldwide, provides analyses of emerging geopolitical, technological and economic trends, as well as identifying opportunities for the Discovery Investing strategy he developed. Dr. Berry has presented testimony to a subcommittee of the Natural Resource Committee and U.S. House of Representatives.
By Christopher Briem, on July 18th, 2011
So experiment is not quite the right word. Let’s call this a public exercise.
A little while ago a kerfuffle erupted over some economic stats related to the job creation of Marcellus Shale related industries in Pennsylvania. The state came out with a report that mentioned there were 72 thousand ’new hires’ related to Marcellus activity.
Folks at the Keystone Research Center came out with a report that said wait a minute, the numbers don’t quite add up that way .. ‘new hires’ is not the metric anyone uses for measuring job creation or economic impact. At the very least you need to add in the routine job destruction to come up with the commonly used metric of net job creation. Otherwise you are just measuring the scale of churn in the labor market.
Then the Marcellus Shale Coalition responded with a press release that I guess has something to do with the topic at hand, though it’s a bit hard to connect the dots.
So what is the real answer? This may not deal with the technical dispute over measurement of job creation, but still people need to think a lot harder than they have been about what the scale of economic impact has been of all this drilling going on across the state and causality more broadly.
So below is a graphic of annual ‘new hires’ in Pennsylvania, so state-wide data, in the industries sectors that should capture the direct impact of Marcellus Shale activity. Yes, Marcellus like most other industries has indirect and induced effects as well… but it all starts with these direct jobs.
It is not a mistake; it is a bit Rawlsian and I have intentionally left off the labels for the years on the horizontal axis. Look at this picture and ponder 1) was there a qualitative change in trend, 2) if so, when does this chart suggest the new ‘jolt’ (as the state described it in the first link above) started up and 3) how big a change happened? Was it big? Really big? Biggest thing ever? or maybe just some random noise? and 4) is any change in trend accelerating, decelerating or something else?
I’m going to leave that there for the moment. I’m going to let that percolate for a few days and then come back with a slightly different graphic with some labels. I’d be curious if anyone has any comments before then. I’ll back to it next week.
By B.P.T., on July 18th, 2011
At 9:00 AM EDT, the Treasury International Capital report for May will be released, showing the flow of capital in and out of the United States economy.
At 10:00 AM EDT, the Housing Market Index for July will be announced. This index is created from a survey of home builders, so it shows the confidence that the sector has in the overall economy and their business.
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