Deposits (C), Software (IBM), and Toys (HAS) — All Profitable in Q1

Deposits, software and toys all proved profitable according to the bellwethers in each industry on Monday… and a very positive earnings season surged forward.

CitiGroup(C) posted a profit that more than doubled. With earnings of $4.4 billion, C posted its best showing in over a year. Top executives said that the bank that everyone has loved to hate through the credit crisis has now “turned a corner” is on track to return to consistent profits.

Elsewhere net income for the world’s No. 2 toymaker Hasbro (HAS) tripled compared with earnings a year ago. It was the fifth straight quarter the firm has topped Wall Street’s per-share profit target. According to the company consumers are spending more money on toys than they did at this time a year ago — even when a year ago retailers slashed post-holiday-season toy prices in an attempt to clear out excess inventories following their 2008 holiday slump.

And finally, IBM Corp. said Monday that its first-quarter profit jumped 13%. The firm offered additional evidence that corporate technology spending is now rebounding after the recession.
The profit improvement came not just from cost cutting, which IBM relied on much of last year to raise profits, but also from very strong increases in net income from its software division. The software business unit also increased its revenue 11% from a year ago. But beyond software, IBM reaffirmed that the pickup in IT spending is across its entire business, is significant, and broad-based.

The results point to continued strong growth for all three sectors well into 2010 and likely beyond.

Liquidity on the Currency Futures vs. the Nifty Futures

India is the second country of the world, after Brazil, where the currency futures are more liquid than the currency forwards. Today when I glanced at the order book of the near month rupee-dollar futures, I was struck by the big numbers that are visible:

The tick size of this market is 0.25 paisa, so the top five prices cover 1.25 paisa on each side. So there’s nothing interesting about the prices: I focus on the quantities. I’m used to generally seeing quantities at each prices running all the way to 1000 to 2000 contracts which is $1m to $2m. Today I was surprised to see two quantities with much bigger values: $6m and $11.3m. This is huge. [NSE currency futures page; the order book for this (April) contract] I was also impressed at the fact that $32.6m and $42.4m of orders are sitting on this order book. These are big numbers.

For a comparison, I popped over to look at the April expiration Nifty futures contract, which is the biggest financial product in India. This order book shows:

This contract is five times bigger than the currency futures contract, so in your mind you have to multiply the quantities by five to make them comparable. So the big two quantities here are around 2000 contracts which corresponds to 10000 contracts of the currency futures contract. The total orders present on the book here are staggeringly large when compared with the currency.

Theory tells us that liquidity should vary with asymmetric information and volatility. Both Nifty and the currency are macroeconomic underlyings with relatively little asymmetric information. But Nifty is more volatile. So if both markets worked well, we would expect Nifty to be less liquid. We are not yet there – the currency futures market is not yet more liquid than the Nifty futures market. Some key differences are obviously visible: foreigners trade on the Nifty futures but are banned from the currency futures, and Nifty options are available while currency options are not yet available (though without foreigners).

A paper idea: When a central bank shifts to a more transparent framework on currency trading, or when a central bank steps away from currency trading altogether, asymmetric information on the currency market goes down so currency impact cost should go down. I wonder if one can find some natural experiment of this fashion. Matters are complicated because the date on which a float commences if often not the date on which the float is announced. This can be dealt with by identifying the date on which the exchange rate regime actually changed, as opposed to what is claimed by the central bank.

Economic Events on April 21, 2010

The Mortgage Bankers’ purchase index was released at 7:00 AM EDT, and there was a week to week increase of 10.1% last week, which was attributed to the end of the second federal stimulus program and a decrease in mortgage rates from last week.  This increase followed a decline of 10.5% in the previous week.

At 10:30 AM EDT, the weekly Energy Information Administration Petroleum Status Report will be released, giving investors an update on oil inventories as oil prices continue to move higher.

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Black Swan Flight 10 Is Arriving At Gate B5

Black Swan flight 10 is arriving at gate B5.” One of my friends works for United Arab Emirates Airlines and has been stranded in a European airport for the weekend because of the volcanic ash from Eyjafjallajokull. According to Eurocontrol about 80% of normal flights have been cancelled. This is a visual representation of the dark clouds looming over the global economy.

GROUNDED FLIGHTS

With the vast majority flights in Europe grounded there should be a noticeable effect on economic activity. The effects on tourism, collaboration and business will likely be long-lasting. This is an example of why individuals and businesses should work to minimize their risk to geographic location and discrimination.

Despite the obvious that you have to be somewhere; in my own situation I have largely completely eliminated the effect of geography on my own lifestyle and, to a large extent, my businesses and investments. Volcanos, hurricanes and earthquakes are not the main risk I desire to minimize but instead geographic discrimination like what recently happened in Colorado.

GEOGRAPHY AND YOUR HEALTH

Since you have to be somewhere, why not choose a physical location that is good for your health? As opposed to coloured coupons like Icelandic kronars or FRN$s, physical commodities such as wheat, corn, oil, soybeans, water, etc. must also be somewhere. Many highly populated areas, like Linfen, China; Sukinda, India; La Oroya, Peru; Norilsk, Russia; Chernobyl, Ukraine; Tokyo; Mexico City; Los Angeles; Sao Paolo; and etc., are extremely polluted and prolonged exposure to the pollutants can be hazardous to your health. Additionally, some of the inhabitants may actively be your liability.

Can you image breathing that ash? Can it possibly be good for your health?

EYJAFJALLAJOKULL, KATLA AND FAMINE

Oftentimes when Eyjafjallajokull erupts the other much more volatile and powerful volcano Katla also flares up. Oftentimes it seems that natural phenomenon seem to coincide with social, political and economic factors and the overall effects are exacerbated. When it rains it pours. For example, as The Guardian observed:

The Laki volcanic fissure in southern Iceland erupted over an eight-month period from 8 June 1783 to February 1784, spewing lava and poisonous gases that devastated the island’s agriculture, killing much of the livestock. It is estimated that perhaps a quarter of Iceland’s population died through the ensuing famine. … Across the Atlantic, Benjamin Franklin wrote of “a constant fog over all Europe, and a great part of North America”.

What was happening during this time frame? Well, France was engaged in wars and running large government deficits. What do government deficits lead to? Taxation through inflation.

It was no different in France. For example, as Olwen Hufton observed in Women And The Limits Of Citizenship on page 25, the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women was particularly interested in “combating hoarding [of grain and other staples] and inflation.”

And what does inflation lead to? Price controls.

It was no different in France. For example, as Robert Scheuttinger observed in Forty Centuries Of Wage And Price Controls on page 45, The Committee of Public Safety first attempted to set the price for only a limited number of grain products but, by September of 1793, it expanded the “maximum” to cover all foodstuffs and a long list of other goods.

And what do price controls lead to? Shortages and rationing.

It was no different in France. We all know, or should know, the story. Louis XVI, Marie Antionette and others of the distant central government were insensitive to the plight of the middle class and poor who were suffering from disease, pestilence and starvation which were largely an effect of the governmental interference by the ruling class.

And what do shortages lead to? If severe enough then starvation and death.

It was no different in France. Marie even callously said, “Let them eat cake.” When someone loses everything and has nothing else to lose then they often lose it. In this case, the French People lost it, heads rolled, leadership changed and the French Republic was born. The black swan of the French Revolution was completely predictable.

WHY HOARD

So it begs the question: Why did people hoard grains and other staples? Because they were safer and more liquid. They also hoarded gold and silver; taking their capital to geographical locations with less political risk. This series of events; government deficits, inflation, price controls, shortages, starvation and death, have played out, at some point in time, in every populated geographic location on earth. Since you have to be somewhere; why be in these geographical locations during those times?

CONCLUSION

In the next few months I was planning on taking a trip to Europe. This trip may have to be canceled if Eyjafjallajokull or Katla keep burping. I am fortunate enough to choose where to be at what times.

Iceland has already experienced the collapse of their banking system and currency. There has been civil unrest in Iceland. I bet many Icelanders wish they had a life hedge.

I do wonder what effects these volcanic eruptions might have on Europe’s food production over the next few years? With floods in the Midwest, droughts in South America and Australia, desertification in China and tremendous inflation taking place through quantitative easing to fund government deficits for bailing out failed financial institutions; I wonder what effect there will be on the worldwide food production and distribution system. So beware Goldman Sachs; you never know when those black swans will fly in and the current flight 10 landing at gate B5 is just a minor distraction from the real issue.

DISCLOSURES: Long physical gold, silver and platinum with no interest in GS, the problematic SLV, gold ETF or the platinum ETFs.

Leading Indicators Continue to Rise; Substantial Payrolls Boost Coincident Indicator

The steady economic recovery is continuing according to the Conference Board economic indicators released on Monday.

The index of leading economic indicators beat even the most optimistic forecasts and rose 1.4% in March.  Following upward revisions for Jan and Feb,  the surprise surge in March now completes 12 consecutive gains for the index.

The coincident index, which measures the current economic conditions, also rose 0.1% in March. Of the four indicators in the coincident index, the largest positive contribution came from nonfarm payrolls. You’ll recall that for March, the Labor Department reported that the U.S. economy netted 162,000 jobs — the largest seasonally adjusted increase in three years.

Ataman Ozyildirim, an economist with The Conference Board, highlighted the positive jobs metric: “Payroll employment made its first substantial contribution to the coincident economic index, suggesting a recovery that is beginning to gain traction.”

While recovery skeptics remain, it will be difficult for the economic naysayers to find any negative news should the labor market continue its positive momentum toward significant net new jobs in 2010.

Measuring Inflation Better

In India, inflation measurement is commonly done using year-on-year growth rates. The change in a price index from March 2009 to March 2010 shows the average rate of change over the 12 intervening months. But the most important thing to focus on is the point-on-point change seen in January, February and March. Computing this requires first seasonally adjusting the price index, so as to avoid being confounded by seasonal fluctuations. We do this at http://www.mayin.org/cycle.in with updates every Monday.

Another big issue in inflation measurement in India is the problems of food and fuel. In both cases, there’s an element of administered prices, so a jump in the point-on-point seasonally adjusted price level might just be a month in which the government raised a price. This is not a statement about the deeper inflation in the economy. In any case, fuel prices are greatly influenced by the global oil price. Food prices often jump around reflecting a good harvest or a bad harvest. In order to understand the deeper `core’ inflation in the domestic economy – the stuff that domestic monetary policy should care about – it’s useful to look at the WPI excluding food and fuel. Starting with yesterday’s release, we do this also.

Economic Events on April 20, 2010

At 7:45 AM EDT, the weekly ICSC-Goldman Store Sales report will be released, giving an update on the health of the consumer through this analysis of retail sales.

At 8:55 AM EDT, the weekly Redbook report will be released, giving us more information about consumer spending.

At 11:00 AM EDT, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner will testify before the House Financial Services Committee about the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy.

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No Free Markets!

There is no such thing as a free market. There are only markets regulated by customers, and markets regulated by politicians.  If you want your markets regulated by politicians, you have to believe that they are better at running your own life than you are.  I don’t understand why you think that.

Manufacturing Growth in Philly and NY Accelerating


Reports out this week confirmed that manufacturing growth in both Philadelphia and New York regions is accelerating.  Activity is accelerating sharply in the New York as the Empire State manufacturing index jumped 9 points to 31.86. The report confirmed strong month-to-month growth for April. The positive activity is broad-base and across all manufacturing factors including: new orders, shipments, inventories, jobs, delivery times, and input prices.

Manufacturing activity is also accelerating in the Philadelphia region.   According to the Philadelphia Fed index the 20.2 reading signals an increasing rate of month-to-month growth in April. The report is slightly less robust than than the NY report but is still very positive. New orders (which are obviously key to business activity) rose more than 4-1/2 points to 13.9 signaling a significant month-to-month acceleration. The region also continues to add payrolls… further evidence that the U.S economy is well on the way to netting over 4,000,000 jobs by year end.

Economic Events on April 19, 2010

At 10:00 EDT, the Leading Indicators report for March will be released.  The consensus is that this index increased by 1.1% last month, following small gains in each of the first two months of 2010.

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